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Field	Value

Creator	Raval, HD Trivedi, JJ Joshi, SV Demurari, CV

Subject	Engineering; Water Resources

Description	A major stumbling block in polyamide thin film composite RO membrane performance is its incompatibility with chlorine and oxidizing agents. The amide bond of the membrane is highly vulnerable to chlorine attack. Two reactions are possible with chlorine exposure i.e. N-H bond chlorination and/or aromatic ring chlorination. in this way, chlorine may cause degradation/modification in the membrane leading to deterioration in performance. However, low concentration of chlorine up to a certain time may give synergistic effect on membrane and improve its performance. Chlorine solution, if exposed to membrane for certain time gives enhancement in transmembrane flux of the membrane. The same solution if exposed for more time deteriorates ultra-thin polyamide layer of TFC membrane. Conspicuously, the membrane with poor salt rejection and flux benefited more as compared to the membrane with better performance. in the present study, membranes with different salt rejection and flux were taken and exposed to the inorganic chlorine solution. The inorganic chlorine solutions were made by dissolving sodium hypochlorite in pH buffer. The different solutions were made by varying pH to investigate the pH dependence. The membrane samples were kept in solution for different time durations. The exposure time was monitored and the exposure level was taken in terms of ppm h (ppm chlorine solution exposed to membrane for a fixed time in h). With the same chlorine concentration, effect of varying pH was studied. Spiral wound TFC membrane modules were also subjected to chlorine solution to study its effect. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Publisher	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BVAMSTERDAMPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS

Date	2011-09-20T12:03:24Z 2011-09-20T12:03:24Z 2010

Type	Article

Identifier	DESALINATION 0011-9164 http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/12313

Language	English