Interaction of Isoquinoline Alkaloids With Ribonucleic Acids
IR@IICB: CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata
View Archive Info| Field | Value | |
| Title |
Interaction of Isoquinoline Alkaloids With Ribonucleic Acids
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| Creator |
Islam, Md. Maidul
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| Subject |
Chemistry
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| Description |
The general idea that, in the development of life on the earth, evolution based on RNA replication preceded the appearance of protein synthesis was first proposed more than 40 years ago (Woese 1967), (Crick 1968), (Orgel 1968). It was suggested that catalyst made entirely of RNA
would have been likely to have been important at this early stage in the origin of life, but the possibility that RNA catalyst might still be present in contemporarily organism was overlooked. The unanticipated discovery of ribosome (Kurger, et al. 1982), (Guerrier-Takada, et al.
1983) initiated extensive discussion over the role
of RNA in the origins of life (Sharp 1985),
(Lewin 1986). Ribonucleic acid or RNA is a nucleic acid made from a chain of nucleotide units. Each nucleotide
consists of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate. RNA is very similar to DNA,but differs in a few important structural details, in the cell RNA is usually single stranded, while DNA is usually double stranded, RNA
nucleotides contain ribose while DNA contains deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom at 2' position), and RNA has the nucleotide uracil rather than thymine which is present in DNA. RNA is transcribed from DNA by enzymes called RNA polymerases (RNAP) and is generally further processed by other enzymes. RNAP was discovered independently by Sam Weiss and Jerard Hurwitz in 1960. By this time the 1959 Nobel Prize in Medicine was
awarded to Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg for the discovery of what was believed to be RNAP, but instead turned out to be polynucleotide phosphorylase. The 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Roger Kornberg for
creating detailed molecular images of RNA polymerase
during various stages of the transcrip-tion process. Some of these RNA-processing enzymes contain RNA as part of their structures. RNA is also central to the translation process and production of proteins. In this process, a
type of RNA called messenger RNA carries information
from DNA to structures called ribosomes. These ribosomes are made from proteins and ribosomal RNAs, which come together to form a molecular machine that can read messenger RNAs and translate the information they carry
into proteins. It has also been known since the 1990s that several types of RNA regulate the active genes. Like DNA, RNA can be an information carrier as well. Many viruses have their genomes composed of RNA, plus a variety of proteins encoded by that genome. The viral genome is replicated by some of those proteins, while other proteins protect the genome as the virus particle moves to a new host cell. Viriods are another group of pathogens, that consist of only RNA, that do not code for any proteins and are replicated by a host plant cell's polymerase
(Flores, et al. 2005). RNA can also produce DNA
by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. In biochemistry,
a reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes singlestranded RNA into double-stranded DNA. Normal transcription involves the synthesis of RNA from DNA; hence, reverse transcription is the reverse of this. Reverse transcriptase was discovered by Howard Temin at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and independently by
David Baltimore in 1970. The two shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Renato Dulbecco for their discovery.
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| Date |
2008
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| Type |
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed |
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| Format |
application/pdf
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| Identifier |
http://www.eprints.iicb.res.in/904/1/Full_thesis_with_molat.pdf
Islam, Md. Maidul (2008) Interaction of Isoquinoline Alkaloids With Ribonucleic Acids. PhD thesis, Jadavpur University. |
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| Relation |
http://www.eprints.iicb.res.in/904/
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